The Paleozoic origin of enzymatic lignin decomposition reconstructed from 31 fungal genomes.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Wood is a major pool of organic carbon that is highly resistant to decay, owing largely to the presence of lignin. The only organisms capable of substantial lignin decay are white rot fungi in the Agaricomycetes, which also contains non-lignin-degrading brown rot and ectomycorrhizal species. Comparative analyses of 31 fungal genomes (12 generated for this study) suggest that lignin-degrading peroxidases expanded in the lineage leading to the ancestor of the Agaricomycetes, which is reconstructed as a white rot species, and then contracted in parallel lineages leading to brown rot and mycorrhizal species. Molecular clock analyses suggest that the origin of lignin degradation might have coincided with the sharp decrease in the rate of organic carbon burial around the end of the Carboniferous period.
منابع مشابه
Lignin degradation: microorganisms, enzymes involved, genomes analysis and evolution
Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to describing degradation of wood, which is a complex process; hence, microorganisms have evolved different enzymatic and non-enzymatic strategies to utilize this plentiful plant material. This review describes a number of fungal and bacterial organisms which have developed both competitive and mutualistic strategies for the decomposition of wood a...
متن کاملA Late Paleozoic climate window of opportunity.
The highest rates of global organic carbon burial (up to 6.5 × 10 mol/Myr) over the past half billion years occurred during the Carboniferous–Permian (330–260 Myr), in large part because of the accumulation and burial of peat in broad tropical lowland basins (1). Atypical rates of organic carbon sequestration led to low atmospheric pCO2 and anomalously high pO2 (Fig. 1), which in turn triggered...
متن کاملExpansion of the enzymatic repertoire of the CAZy database to integrate auxiliary redox enzymes
BACKGROUND Since its inception, the carbohydrate-active enzymes database (CAZy; http://www.cazy.org) has described the families of enzymes that cleave or build complex carbohydrates, namely the glycoside hydrolases (GH), the polysaccharide lyases (PL), the carbohydrate esterases (CE), the glycosyltransferases (GT) and their appended non-catalytic carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM). The recent d...
متن کاملComparative Genomics of Early-Diverging Mushroom-Forming Fungi Provides Insights into the Origins of Lignocellulose Decay Capabilities.
Evolution of lignocellulose decomposition was one of the most ecologically important innovations in fungi. White-rot fungi in the Agaricomycetes (mushrooms and relatives) are the most effective microorganisms in degrading both cellulose and lignin components of woody plant cell walls (PCW). However, the precise evolutionary origins of lignocellulose decomposition are poorly understood, largely ...
متن کاملOrganic matter decomposition by fungi in a Mediterranean forested stream : contribution of streambed substrata
In forested streams where light is a limiting factor for primary production, energy sources are mainly allochthonous (leaf litter), the metabolic processes being typically heterotrophic (Fisher & Likens 1973, Minshall et al. 1983). In Mediterranean systems, the greatest input of plant material occurs in autumn, thereby providing the potential for decomposition processes. The initial breakdown o...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Science
دوره 336 6089 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2012